8.Переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы, используя ин¬ формацию текста. 1. What is a computer? 2. What...

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8.Переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы, используя ин¬

формацию текста.

  1. What is a computer? 2. What are the two possible states of the switches? 3. What are the main functions of a computer? 4. In what way can we make the computer do what we want? 5. What is the basic task of a computer? 6. In what form does a computer accept information? 7. What is a program? 8. What are data? 9. What is memory? 10. What three basic capabilities have computers? 11. What are the ways of inputting informa¬tion into the computer? 12. What is the function of an input device? 13. What devices are used for outputting information? 14. What decisions can the computer make? 15. What are the computer's achievements limited by?

A computer is a machine with an intricate network of elec¬tronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demag¬netized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).

The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the ma-chine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magne¬tize the cores.

The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the comput¬ers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.

It is considered that computers have many remarkable pow¬ers. However most computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.

First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic op¬erations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.

Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn't feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn't be of much use. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use ter¬minals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer's input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.

Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: "Who would win the war between two coun¬tries?" or "Who is the richest person in the world?" Unfortu¬nately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number greater than another?

A computer can solve a series of problems and make thou¬sands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.

A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical 'brain', but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instan¬taneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.

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задан 6 месяцев назад

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A computer is a machine with electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches can be in one of two states - on or off, and the cores can be magnetized or demagnetized. The main functions of a computer are to accept information in the form of instructions (programs) and data, perform mathematical and logical operations on the information, and provide results.

Computers have three basic capabilities - performing arithmetic operations, communicating with the user through input and output devices, and making decisions based on comparisons of numbers. While a computer can solve problems and make logical decisions quickly and efficiently, its achievements are limited by the instructions and information provided by humans.

In summary, a computer is a powerful tool that can process information and perform tasks at incredible speed, but it relies on human input and guidance to function effectively.

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ответил 6 месяцев назад
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  1. What is a computer? A computer is a machine equipped with an intricate network of electronic circuits that control switches or magnetize tiny metal cores to process information.

  2. What are the two possible states of the switches? The switches can be in one of two states: on or off; magnetized or demagnetized.

  3. What are the main functions of a computer? The main functions of a computer include storing and manipulating data, performing mathematical and logical operations, and handling input and output operations.

  4. In what way can we make the computer do what we want? We can control a computer by inputting signals that turn specific switches on or off, or magnetize or demagnetize cores, essentially programming it to perform specific tasks.

  5. What is the basic task of a computer? The basic task of a computer is the processing of information, which involves accepting, manipulating, and outputting data based on programmed instructions.

  6. In what form does a computer accept information? A computer accepts information in the form of instructions and data, which are collectively referred to as a program.

  7. What is a program? A program is a set of instructions that tells the computer how to perform a specific task by processing data.

  8. What are data? Data are characters or quantities on which the computer performs operations, and which provide the information needed to solve problems.

  9. What is memory? Memory is the component in the computer where the program and data are stored during processing.

  10. What three basic capabilities have computers? Computers have the capability to perform arithmetic operations, communicate with users through input and output devices, and make logical decisions based on comparisons.

  11. What are the ways of inputting information into the computer? Common methods of inputting information include using terminals, diskettes, disks, and magnetic tapes.

  12. What is the function of an input device? The function of an input device is to read information into the computer from external sources such as disk drives or tape drives.

  13. What devices are used for outputting information? Devices used for outputting information include printers, which print the results on paper, and cathode-ray-tube displays, which show results on a TV-like screen.

  14. What decisions can the computer make? A computer can make decisions such as determining whether one number is less than, greater than, or equal to another number.

  15. What are the computer's achievements limited by? A computer's achievements are limited by the instructions and data provided by human operators. It operates within the confines of its programming and cannot make subjective judgments or decisions beyond its programmed capabilities.

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ответил 6 месяцев назад

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